|
JeanMichel Basquiat ((:ʒɑ̃ miˈʃɛl baskija); December 22, 1960August 12, 1988) was one of the most important American artists of the 20th century. He first achieved notoriety as part of SAMO, an informal graffiti duo who wrote enigmatic epigrams in the cultural hotbed of the Lower East Side of Manhattan during the late 1970s where the hip hop, post-punk, and street art movements had coalesced. By the 1980s, he was exhibiting his neo-expressionist paintings in galleries and museums internationally. The Whitney Museum of American Art held a retrospective of his art in 1992. Basquiat's art focused on "suggestive dichotomies", such as wealth versus poverty, integration versus segregation, and inner versus outer experience.〔Hoffman, Fred. (2005) ''The Defining Years: Notes on Five Key Works'' from the book ''Basquiat''. Mayer, Marc (ed.). Merrell Publishers in association with the Brooklyn Museum, ISBN 1-85894-287-X, pp. 129-139〕 He appropriated poetry, drawing, and painting, and married text and image, abstraction, and figuration, and historical information mixed with contemporary critique.〔Sirmans, Franklin. (2005) ''In the Cipher: Basquiat and Hip Hop Culture'' from the book ''Basquiat''. Mayer, Marc (ed.). Merrell Publishers in association with the Brooklyn Museum, ISBN 1-85894-287-X, pp. 91-105〕 Basquiat used social commentary in his paintings as a "springboard to deeper truths about the individual",〔 as well as attacks on power structures and systems of racism, while his poetics were acutely political and direct in their criticism of colonialism and support for class struggle.〔 He died of a heroin overdose at his art studio at age 27.〔 ==Early life== Jean-Michel Basquiat, born in Brooklyn, New York, was the second of four children of Matilda Andrades (July 28, 1934 – November 17, 2008)〔("In Loving Memory: Matilde Basquiat" ), Lodge Communications 185, Harry S Truman Lodge No.1066, F.&A.M., December 4, 2008. New York, NY. Sad Tidings for Brother John Andrades.〕 and Gerard Basquiat (1930 – July 7, 2013).〔("Jean-Michel Basquiat's Dad Leaves Behind Son's Art, and Tax Problem" ) by James Fanelli, September 5, 2013 6:27am〕〔(Hyped to Death ) by ''The New York Times'' (August 9, 1998)〕 He had two younger sisters: Lisane, born in 1964, and Jeanine, born in 1967.〔 His father, Gerard Basquiat, was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and his mother, Matilde Basquiat, who was of Puerto Rican descent, was born in Brooklyn, New York. Matilde instilled a love for art in her young son by taking him to art museums in Manhattan and enrolling him as a junior member of the Brooklyn Museum of Art.〔 Basquiat was a precocious child who learned how to read and write by age four and was a gifted artist. His teachers, such as artist Jose Machado, noticed his artistic abilities, and his mother encouraged her son's artistic talent. By the age of 11, Basquiat could fluently speak, read and write French, Spanish and English. In September 1968, when Basquiat was about eight, he was hit by a car while playing in the street. His arm was broken and he suffered several internal injuries, and he eventually underwent a splenectomy. While he was recuperating from his injuries, his mother brought him the ''Gray's Anatomy'' book to keep him occupied. This book would prove to be influential in his future artistic outlook. His parents separated that year and he and his sisters were raised by their father.〔〔(Basquiat's Estate Sells at Sotheby's ) by Lindsay Pollock (March 31, 2010)〕 The family resided in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, for five years, then moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1974. After two years, they returned to New York City. When he was 13, his mother was committed to a mental institution and thereafter spent time in and out of institutions.〔Fretz, Eric. ''(Jean-Michel Basquiat: A Biography )''. Greenwood Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-313-38056-3. Cf. (p.xv )〕 At 15, Basquiat ran away from home.〔〔 He slept on park benches in Tompkins Square Park, and was arrested and returned to the care of his father within a week.〔〔 Basquiat dropped out of Edward R. Murrow High School in the tenth grade and then attended City-As-School, an alternative high school in Manhattan home to many artistic students that have been failed by conventional schooling. His father banished him from the household for dropping out of high school and Basquiat stayed with friends in Brooklyn. He supported himself by selling T-shirts and homemade post cards. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean-Michel Basquiat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|